![]() support for a military coup to oust the elected socialist president exacerbated the internal political strife. Severe political polarization in the context of the post-Cuban Revolution Cold War wave of military coups (1961–1976) in Latin America resulted in the breakdown of the Chilean political system in 1973. Monographic and article-length histories of each of these events exist detailing their rationale and eventual failure. A successful coup in 1932 established the short-lived “Chilean Socialist Republic.” Infrequent but sometimes serious failed military coups decisively influenced the course of Chilean politics: 1912, 1919, 1931–1932 (several), 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1948, 1954, 1969, June 1973, 1986 (“coup within the coup” against Augusto Pinochet by air force officers), and others. Both 20th-century constitutions were adopted under military tutelage, after military coups: two coups-1924–1925 (the 1925 Constitution) and the military coup in 1973 (the 1980 constitution). Despite the common identification of Chile as “exceptional” among Latin American nations, the military played a key role in 20th-century Chilean politics and continues to do so in the first decades of the 21st century. ![]()
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